\(\int \frac {A+B \sec (c+d x)+C \sec ^2(c+d x)}{\sec ^{\frac {3}{2}}(c+d x) \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)}} \, dx\) [1055]

   Optimal result
   Rubi [A] (verified)
   Mathematica [C] (warning: unable to verify)
   Maple [B] (warning: unable to verify)
   Fricas [C] (verification not implemented)
   Sympy [F]
   Maxima [F]
   Giac [F]
   Mupad [F(-1)]

Optimal result

Integrand size = 45, antiderivative size = 216 \[ \int \frac {A+B \sec (c+d x)+C \sec ^2(c+d x)}{\sec ^{\frac {3}{2}}(c+d x) \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)}} \, dx=\frac {2 \left (2 A b^2-3 a b B+a^2 (A+3 C)\right ) \sqrt {\frac {b+a \cos (c+d x)}{a+b}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x),\frac {2 a}{a+b}\right ) \sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}}{3 a^2 d \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)}}-\frac {2 (2 A b-3 a B) E\left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)|\frac {2 a}{a+b}\right ) \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)}}{3 a^2 d \sqrt {\frac {b+a \cos (c+d x)}{a+b}} \sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}}+\frac {2 A \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)} \sin (c+d x)}{3 a d \sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}} \]

[Out]

2/3*(2*A*b^2-3*B*a*b+a^2*(A+3*C))*(cos(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2)^(1/2)/cos(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)*EllipticF(sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)
,2^(1/2)*(a/(a+b))^(1/2))*((b+a*cos(d*x+c))/(a+b))^(1/2)*sec(d*x+c)^(1/2)/a^2/d/(a+b*sec(d*x+c))^(1/2)+2/3*A*s
in(d*x+c)*(a+b*sec(d*x+c))^(1/2)/a/d/sec(d*x+c)^(1/2)-2/3*(2*A*b-3*B*a)*(cos(1/2*d*x+1/2*c)^2)^(1/2)/cos(1/2*d
*x+1/2*c)*EllipticE(sin(1/2*d*x+1/2*c),2^(1/2)*(a/(a+b))^(1/2))*(a+b*sec(d*x+c))^(1/2)/a^2/d/((b+a*cos(d*x+c))
/(a+b))^(1/2)/sec(d*x+c)^(1/2)

Rubi [A] (verified)

Time = 0.64 (sec) , antiderivative size = 216, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 8, number of rules used = 8, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.178, Rules used = {4189, 4120, 3941, 2734, 2732, 3943, 2742, 2740} \[ \int \frac {A+B \sec (c+d x)+C \sec ^2(c+d x)}{\sec ^{\frac {3}{2}}(c+d x) \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)}} \, dx=\frac {2 \sqrt {\sec (c+d x)} \left (a^2 (A+3 C)-3 a b B+2 A b^2\right ) \sqrt {\frac {a \cos (c+d x)+b}{a+b}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x),\frac {2 a}{a+b}\right )}{3 a^2 d \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)}}-\frac {2 (2 A b-3 a B) \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)} E\left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)|\frac {2 a}{a+b}\right )}{3 a^2 d \sqrt {\sec (c+d x)} \sqrt {\frac {a \cos (c+d x)+b}{a+b}}}+\frac {2 A \sin (c+d x) \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)}}{3 a d \sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}} \]

[In]

Int[(A + B*Sec[c + d*x] + C*Sec[c + d*x]^2)/(Sec[c + d*x]^(3/2)*Sqrt[a + b*Sec[c + d*x]]),x]

[Out]

(2*(2*A*b^2 - 3*a*b*B + a^2*(A + 3*C))*Sqrt[(b + a*Cos[c + d*x])/(a + b)]*EllipticF[(c + d*x)/2, (2*a)/(a + b)
]*Sqrt[Sec[c + d*x]])/(3*a^2*d*Sqrt[a + b*Sec[c + d*x]]) - (2*(2*A*b - 3*a*B)*EllipticE[(c + d*x)/2, (2*a)/(a
+ b)]*Sqrt[a + b*Sec[c + d*x]])/(3*a^2*d*Sqrt[(b + a*Cos[c + d*x])/(a + b)]*Sqrt[Sec[c + d*x]]) + (2*A*Sqrt[a
+ b*Sec[c + d*x]]*Sin[c + d*x])/(3*a*d*Sqrt[Sec[c + d*x]])

Rule 2732

Int[Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*sin[(c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)]], x_Symbol] :> Simp[2*(Sqrt[a + b]/d)*EllipticE[(1/2)*(c - Pi/2
+ d*x), 2*(b/(a + b))], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && NeQ[a^2 - b^2, 0] && GtQ[a + b, 0]

Rule 2734

Int[Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*sin[(c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)]], x_Symbol] :> Dist[Sqrt[a + b*Sin[c + d*x]]/Sqrt[(a + b*Sin[c +
 d*x])/(a + b)], Int[Sqrt[a/(a + b) + (b/(a + b))*Sin[c + d*x]], x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && NeQ[a^2 -
 b^2, 0] &&  !GtQ[a + b, 0]

Rule 2740

Int[1/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*sin[(c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)]], x_Symbol] :> Simp[(2/(d*Sqrt[a + b]))*EllipticF[(1/2)*(c - P
i/2 + d*x), 2*(b/(a + b))], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && NeQ[a^2 - b^2, 0] && GtQ[a + b, 0]

Rule 2742

Int[1/Sqrt[(a_) + (b_.)*sin[(c_.) + (d_.)*(x_)]], x_Symbol] :> Dist[Sqrt[(a + b*Sin[c + d*x])/(a + b)]/Sqrt[a
+ b*Sin[c + d*x]], Int[1/Sqrt[a/(a + b) + (b/(a + b))*Sin[c + d*x]], x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, c, d}, x] && NeQ[a
^2 - b^2, 0] &&  !GtQ[a + b, 0]

Rule 3941

Int[Sqrt[csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]*(b_.) + (a_)]/Sqrt[csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]*(d_.)], x_Symbol] :> Dist[Sqrt[a +
 b*Csc[e + f*x]]/(Sqrt[d*Csc[e + f*x]]*Sqrt[b + a*Sin[e + f*x]]), Int[Sqrt[b + a*Sin[e + f*x]], x], x] /; Free
Q[{a, b, d, e, f}, x] && NeQ[a^2 - b^2, 0]

Rule 3943

Int[Sqrt[csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]*(d_.)]/Sqrt[csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]*(b_.) + (a_)], x_Symbol] :> Dist[Sqrt[d*C
sc[e + f*x]]*(Sqrt[b + a*Sin[e + f*x]]/Sqrt[a + b*Csc[e + f*x]]), Int[1/Sqrt[b + a*Sin[e + f*x]], x], x] /; Fr
eeQ[{a, b, d, e, f}, x] && NeQ[a^2 - b^2, 0]

Rule 4120

Int[(csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]*(B_.) + (A_))/(Sqrt[csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]*(d_.)]*Sqrt[csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]*(
b_.) + (a_)]), x_Symbol] :> Dist[A/a, Int[Sqrt[a + b*Csc[e + f*x]]/Sqrt[d*Csc[e + f*x]], x], x] - Dist[(A*b -
a*B)/(a*d), Int[Sqrt[d*Csc[e + f*x]]/Sqrt[a + b*Csc[e + f*x]], x], x] /; FreeQ[{a, b, d, e, f, A, B}, x] && Ne
Q[A*b - a*B, 0] && NeQ[a^2 - b^2, 0]

Rule 4189

Int[((A_.) + csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]*(B_.) + csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]^2*(C_.))*(csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]*(d_.))^
(n_)*(csc[(e_.) + (f_.)*(x_)]*(b_.) + (a_))^(m_), x_Symbol] :> Simp[A*Cot[e + f*x]*(a + b*Csc[e + f*x])^(m + 1
)*((d*Csc[e + f*x])^n/(a*f*n)), x] + Dist[1/(a*d*n), Int[(a + b*Csc[e + f*x])^m*(d*Csc[e + f*x])^(n + 1)*Simp[
a*B*n - A*b*(m + n + 1) + a*(A + A*n + C*n)*Csc[e + f*x] + A*b*(m + n + 2)*Csc[e + f*x]^2, x], x], x] /; FreeQ
[{a, b, d, e, f, A, B, C, m}, x] && NeQ[a^2 - b^2, 0] && LeQ[n, -1]

Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = \frac {2 A \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)} \sin (c+d x)}{3 a d \sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}}-\frac {2 \int \frac {\frac {1}{2} (2 A b-3 a B)-\frac {1}{2} a (A+3 C) \sec (c+d x)}{\sqrt {\sec (c+d x)} \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)}} \, dx}{3 a} \\ & = \frac {2 A \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)} \sin (c+d x)}{3 a d \sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}}-\frac {(2 A b-3 a B) \int \frac {\sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)}}{\sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}} \, dx}{3 a^2}+\frac {1}{3} \left (A+\frac {b (2 A b-3 a B)}{a^2}+3 C\right ) \int \frac {\sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}}{\sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)}} \, dx \\ & = \frac {2 A \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)} \sin (c+d x)}{3 a d \sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}}+\frac {\left (\left (A+\frac {b (2 A b-3 a B)}{a^2}+3 C\right ) \sqrt {b+a \cos (c+d x)} \sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {b+a \cos (c+d x)}} \, dx}{3 \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)}}-\frac {\left ((2 A b-3 a B) \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)}\right ) \int \sqrt {b+a \cos (c+d x)} \, dx}{3 a^2 \sqrt {b+a \cos (c+d x)} \sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}} \\ & = \frac {2 A \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)} \sin (c+d x)}{3 a d \sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}}+\frac {\left (\left (A+\frac {b (2 A b-3 a B)}{a^2}+3 C\right ) \sqrt {\frac {b+a \cos (c+d x)}{a+b}} \sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}\right ) \int \frac {1}{\sqrt {\frac {b}{a+b}+\frac {a \cos (c+d x)}{a+b}}} \, dx}{3 \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)}}-\frac {\left ((2 A b-3 a B) \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)}\right ) \int \sqrt {\frac {b}{a+b}+\frac {a \cos (c+d x)}{a+b}} \, dx}{3 a^2 \sqrt {\frac {b+a \cos (c+d x)}{a+b}} \sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}} \\ & = \frac {2 \left (A+\frac {b (2 A b-3 a B)}{a^2}+3 C\right ) \sqrt {\frac {b+a \cos (c+d x)}{a+b}} \operatorname {EllipticF}\left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x),\frac {2 a}{a+b}\right ) \sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}}{3 d \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)}}-\frac {2 (2 A b-3 a B) E\left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)|\frac {2 a}{a+b}\right ) \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)}}{3 a^2 d \sqrt {\frac {b+a \cos (c+d x)}{a+b}} \sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}}+\frac {2 A \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)} \sin (c+d x)}{3 a d \sqrt {\sec (c+d x)}} \\ \end{align*}

Mathematica [C] (warning: unable to verify)

Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 6 vs. order 4 in optimal.

Time = 7.99 (sec) , antiderivative size = 1959, normalized size of antiderivative = 9.07 \[ \int \frac {A+B \sec (c+d x)+C \sec ^2(c+d x)}{\sec ^{\frac {3}{2}}(c+d x) \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)}} \, dx=\frac {(b+a \cos (c+d x)) \left (A+B \sec (c+d x)+C \sec ^2(c+d x)\right ) \left (-\frac {4 (-2 A b+3 a B) \cot (c)}{3 a^2 d}+\frac {4 A \cos (d x) \sin (c)}{3 a d}+\frac {4 A \cos (c) \sin (d x)}{3 a d}\right )}{(A+2 C+2 B \cos (c+d x)+A \cos (2 c+2 d x)) \sec ^{\frac {3}{2}}(c+d x) \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)}}-\frac {4 A \operatorname {AppellF1}\left (\frac {1}{2},\frac {1}{2},\frac {1}{2},\frac {3}{2},\frac {\csc (c) \left (b-a \sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)} \sin (c) \sin (d x-\arctan (\cot (c)))\right )}{a \sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)} \left (1+\frac {b \csc (c)}{a \sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)}}\right )},\frac {\csc (c) \left (b-a \sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)} \sin (c) \sin (d x-\arctan (\cot (c)))\right )}{a \sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)} \left (-1+\frac {b \csc (c)}{a \sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)}}\right )}\right ) \sqrt {b+a \cos (c+d x)} \csc (c) \left (A+B \sec (c+d x)+C \sec ^2(c+d x)\right ) \sec (d x-\arctan (\cot (c))) \sqrt {\frac {a \sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)}-a \sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)} \sin (d x-\arctan (\cot (c)))}{a \sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)}-b \csc (c)}} \sqrt {\frac {a \sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)}+a \sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)} \sin (d x-\arctan (\cot (c)))}{a \sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)}+b \csc (c)}} \sqrt {b-a \sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)} \sin (c) \sin (d x-\arctan (\cot (c)))}}{3 a d (A+2 C+2 B \cos (c+d x)+A \cos (2 c+2 d x)) \sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)} \sec ^{\frac {3}{2}}(c+d x) \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)}}-\frac {4 C \operatorname {AppellF1}\left (\frac {1}{2},\frac {1}{2},\frac {1}{2},\frac {3}{2},\frac {\csc (c) \left (b-a \sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)} \sin (c) \sin (d x-\arctan (\cot (c)))\right )}{a \sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)} \left (1+\frac {b \csc (c)}{a \sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)}}\right )},\frac {\csc (c) \left (b-a \sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)} \sin (c) \sin (d x-\arctan (\cot (c)))\right )}{a \sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)} \left (-1+\frac {b \csc (c)}{a \sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)}}\right )}\right ) \sqrt {b+a \cos (c+d x)} \csc (c) \left (A+B \sec (c+d x)+C \sec ^2(c+d x)\right ) \sec (d x-\arctan (\cot (c))) \sqrt {\frac {a \sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)}-a \sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)} \sin (d x-\arctan (\cot (c)))}{a \sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)}-b \csc (c)}} \sqrt {\frac {a \sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)}+a \sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)} \sin (d x-\arctan (\cot (c)))}{a \sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)}+b \csc (c)}} \sqrt {b-a \sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)} \sin (c) \sin (d x-\arctan (\cot (c)))}}{a d (A+2 C+2 B \cos (c+d x)+A \cos (2 c+2 d x)) \sqrt {1+\cot ^2(c)} \sec ^{\frac {3}{2}}(c+d x) \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)}}+\frac {4 A b \sqrt {b+a \cos (c+d x)} \csc (c) \left (A+B \sec (c+d x)+C \sec ^2(c+d x)\right ) \left (\frac {\operatorname {AppellF1}\left (-\frac {1}{2},-\frac {1}{2},-\frac {1}{2},\frac {1}{2},-\frac {\sec (c) \left (b+a \cos (c) \cos (d x+\arctan (\tan (c))) \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}\right )}{a \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)} \left (1-\frac {b \sec (c)}{a \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}}\right )},-\frac {\sec (c) \left (b+a \cos (c) \cos (d x+\arctan (\tan (c))) \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}\right )}{a \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)} \left (-1-\frac {b \sec (c)}{a \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}}\right )}\right ) \sin (d x+\arctan (\tan (c))) \tan (c)}{\sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)} \sqrt {\frac {a \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}-a \cos (d x+\arctan (\tan (c))) \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}}{b \sec (c)+a \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}}} \sqrt {\frac {a \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}+a \cos (d x+\arctan (\tan (c))) \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}}{-b \sec (c)+a \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}}} \sqrt {b+a \cos (c) \cos (d x+\arctan (\tan (c))) \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}}}-\frac {\frac {\sin (d x+\arctan (\tan (c))) \tan (c)}{\sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}}+\frac {2 a \cos (c) \left (b+a \cos (c) \cos (d x+\arctan (\tan (c))) \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}\right )}{a^2 \cos ^2(c)+a^2 \sin ^2(c)}}{\sqrt {b+a \cos (c) \cos (d x+\arctan (\tan (c))) \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}}}\right )}{3 a d (A+2 C+2 B \cos (c+d x)+A \cos (2 c+2 d x)) \sec ^{\frac {3}{2}}(c+d x) \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)}}-\frac {2 B \sqrt {b+a \cos (c+d x)} \csc (c) \left (A+B \sec (c+d x)+C \sec ^2(c+d x)\right ) \left (\frac {\operatorname {AppellF1}\left (-\frac {1}{2},-\frac {1}{2},-\frac {1}{2},\frac {1}{2},-\frac {\sec (c) \left (b+a \cos (c) \cos (d x+\arctan (\tan (c))) \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}\right )}{a \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)} \left (1-\frac {b \sec (c)}{a \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}}\right )},-\frac {\sec (c) \left (b+a \cos (c) \cos (d x+\arctan (\tan (c))) \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}\right )}{a \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)} \left (-1-\frac {b \sec (c)}{a \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}}\right )}\right ) \sin (d x+\arctan (\tan (c))) \tan (c)}{\sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)} \sqrt {\frac {a \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}-a \cos (d x+\arctan (\tan (c))) \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}}{b \sec (c)+a \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}}} \sqrt {\frac {a \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}+a \cos (d x+\arctan (\tan (c))) \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}}{-b \sec (c)+a \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}}} \sqrt {b+a \cos (c) \cos (d x+\arctan (\tan (c))) \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}}}-\frac {\frac {\sin (d x+\arctan (\tan (c))) \tan (c)}{\sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}}+\frac {2 a \cos (c) \left (b+a \cos (c) \cos (d x+\arctan (\tan (c))) \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}\right )}{a^2 \cos ^2(c)+a^2 \sin ^2(c)}}{\sqrt {b+a \cos (c) \cos (d x+\arctan (\tan (c))) \sqrt {1+\tan ^2(c)}}}\right )}{d (A+2 C+2 B \cos (c+d x)+A \cos (2 c+2 d x)) \sec ^{\frac {3}{2}}(c+d x) \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)}} \]

[In]

Integrate[(A + B*Sec[c + d*x] + C*Sec[c + d*x]^2)/(Sec[c + d*x]^(3/2)*Sqrt[a + b*Sec[c + d*x]]),x]

[Out]

((b + a*Cos[c + d*x])*(A + B*Sec[c + d*x] + C*Sec[c + d*x]^2)*((-4*(-2*A*b + 3*a*B)*Cot[c])/(3*a^2*d) + (4*A*C
os[d*x]*Sin[c])/(3*a*d) + (4*A*Cos[c]*Sin[d*x])/(3*a*d)))/((A + 2*C + 2*B*Cos[c + d*x] + A*Cos[2*c + 2*d*x])*S
ec[c + d*x]^(3/2)*Sqrt[a + b*Sec[c + d*x]]) - (4*A*AppellF1[1/2, 1/2, 1/2, 3/2, (Csc[c]*(b - a*Sqrt[1 + Cot[c]
^2]*Sin[c]*Sin[d*x - ArcTan[Cot[c]]]))/(a*Sqrt[1 + Cot[c]^2]*(1 + (b*Csc[c])/(a*Sqrt[1 + Cot[c]^2]))), (Csc[c]
*(b - a*Sqrt[1 + Cot[c]^2]*Sin[c]*Sin[d*x - ArcTan[Cot[c]]]))/(a*Sqrt[1 + Cot[c]^2]*(-1 + (b*Csc[c])/(a*Sqrt[1
 + Cot[c]^2])))]*Sqrt[b + a*Cos[c + d*x]]*Csc[c]*(A + B*Sec[c + d*x] + C*Sec[c + d*x]^2)*Sec[d*x - ArcTan[Cot[
c]]]*Sqrt[(a*Sqrt[1 + Cot[c]^2] - a*Sqrt[1 + Cot[c]^2]*Sin[d*x - ArcTan[Cot[c]]])/(a*Sqrt[1 + Cot[c]^2] - b*Cs
c[c])]*Sqrt[(a*Sqrt[1 + Cot[c]^2] + a*Sqrt[1 + Cot[c]^2]*Sin[d*x - ArcTan[Cot[c]]])/(a*Sqrt[1 + Cot[c]^2] + b*
Csc[c])]*Sqrt[b - a*Sqrt[1 + Cot[c]^2]*Sin[c]*Sin[d*x - ArcTan[Cot[c]]]])/(3*a*d*(A + 2*C + 2*B*Cos[c + d*x] +
 A*Cos[2*c + 2*d*x])*Sqrt[1 + Cot[c]^2]*Sec[c + d*x]^(3/2)*Sqrt[a + b*Sec[c + d*x]]) - (4*C*AppellF1[1/2, 1/2,
 1/2, 3/2, (Csc[c]*(b - a*Sqrt[1 + Cot[c]^2]*Sin[c]*Sin[d*x - ArcTan[Cot[c]]]))/(a*Sqrt[1 + Cot[c]^2]*(1 + (b*
Csc[c])/(a*Sqrt[1 + Cot[c]^2]))), (Csc[c]*(b - a*Sqrt[1 + Cot[c]^2]*Sin[c]*Sin[d*x - ArcTan[Cot[c]]]))/(a*Sqrt
[1 + Cot[c]^2]*(-1 + (b*Csc[c])/(a*Sqrt[1 + Cot[c]^2])))]*Sqrt[b + a*Cos[c + d*x]]*Csc[c]*(A + B*Sec[c + d*x]
+ C*Sec[c + d*x]^2)*Sec[d*x - ArcTan[Cot[c]]]*Sqrt[(a*Sqrt[1 + Cot[c]^2] - a*Sqrt[1 + Cot[c]^2]*Sin[d*x - ArcT
an[Cot[c]]])/(a*Sqrt[1 + Cot[c]^2] - b*Csc[c])]*Sqrt[(a*Sqrt[1 + Cot[c]^2] + a*Sqrt[1 + Cot[c]^2]*Sin[d*x - Ar
cTan[Cot[c]]])/(a*Sqrt[1 + Cot[c]^2] + b*Csc[c])]*Sqrt[b - a*Sqrt[1 + Cot[c]^2]*Sin[c]*Sin[d*x - ArcTan[Cot[c]
]]])/(a*d*(A + 2*C + 2*B*Cos[c + d*x] + A*Cos[2*c + 2*d*x])*Sqrt[1 + Cot[c]^2]*Sec[c + d*x]^(3/2)*Sqrt[a + b*S
ec[c + d*x]]) + (4*A*b*Sqrt[b + a*Cos[c + d*x]]*Csc[c]*(A + B*Sec[c + d*x] + C*Sec[c + d*x]^2)*((AppellF1[-1/2
, -1/2, -1/2, 1/2, -((Sec[c]*(b + a*Cos[c]*Cos[d*x + ArcTan[Tan[c]]]*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2]))/(a*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2
]*(1 - (b*Sec[c])/(a*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2])))), -((Sec[c]*(b + a*Cos[c]*Cos[d*x + ArcTan[Tan[c]]]*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]
^2]))/(a*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2]*(-1 - (b*Sec[c])/(a*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2]))))]*Sin[d*x + ArcTan[Tan[c]]]*Tan[c])/(Sqr
t[1 + Tan[c]^2]*Sqrt[(a*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2] - a*Cos[d*x + ArcTan[Tan[c]]]*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2])/(b*Sec[c] + a*Sqr
t[1 + Tan[c]^2])]*Sqrt[(a*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2] + a*Cos[d*x + ArcTan[Tan[c]]]*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2])/(-(b*Sec[c]) +
a*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2])]*Sqrt[b + a*Cos[c]*Cos[d*x + ArcTan[Tan[c]]]*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2]]) - ((Sin[d*x + ArcTan[T
an[c]]]*Tan[c])/Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2] + (2*a*Cos[c]*(b + a*Cos[c]*Cos[d*x + ArcTan[Tan[c]]]*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2]))/
(a^2*Cos[c]^2 + a^2*Sin[c]^2))/Sqrt[b + a*Cos[c]*Cos[d*x + ArcTan[Tan[c]]]*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2]]))/(3*a*d*(A + 2
*C + 2*B*Cos[c + d*x] + A*Cos[2*c + 2*d*x])*Sec[c + d*x]^(3/2)*Sqrt[a + b*Sec[c + d*x]]) - (2*B*Sqrt[b + a*Cos
[c + d*x]]*Csc[c]*(A + B*Sec[c + d*x] + C*Sec[c + d*x]^2)*((AppellF1[-1/2, -1/2, -1/2, 1/2, -((Sec[c]*(b + a*C
os[c]*Cos[d*x + ArcTan[Tan[c]]]*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2]))/(a*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2]*(1 - (b*Sec[c])/(a*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^
2])))), -((Sec[c]*(b + a*Cos[c]*Cos[d*x + ArcTan[Tan[c]]]*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2]))/(a*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2]*(-1 - (b*
Sec[c])/(a*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2]))))]*Sin[d*x + ArcTan[Tan[c]]]*Tan[c])/(Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2]*Sqrt[(a*Sqrt[1 + Tan[
c]^2] - a*Cos[d*x + ArcTan[Tan[c]]]*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2])/(b*Sec[c] + a*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2])]*Sqrt[(a*Sqrt[1 + Ta
n[c]^2] + a*Cos[d*x + ArcTan[Tan[c]]]*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2])/(-(b*Sec[c]) + a*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2])]*Sqrt[b + a*Cos
[c]*Cos[d*x + ArcTan[Tan[c]]]*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2]]) - ((Sin[d*x + ArcTan[Tan[c]]]*Tan[c])/Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2] +
(2*a*Cos[c]*(b + a*Cos[c]*Cos[d*x + ArcTan[Tan[c]]]*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2]))/(a^2*Cos[c]^2 + a^2*Sin[c]^2))/Sqrt[b
 + a*Cos[c]*Cos[d*x + ArcTan[Tan[c]]]*Sqrt[1 + Tan[c]^2]]))/(d*(A + 2*C + 2*B*Cos[c + d*x] + A*Cos[2*c + 2*d*x
])*Sec[c + d*x]^(3/2)*Sqrt[a + b*Sec[c + d*x]])

Maple [B] (warning: unable to verify)

Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(2184\) vs. \(2(252)=504\).

Time = 11.68 (sec) , antiderivative size = 2185, normalized size of antiderivative = 10.12

method result size
parts \(\text {Expression too large to display}\) \(2185\)
default \(\text {Expression too large to display}\) \(2487\)

[In]

int((A+B*sec(d*x+c)+C*sec(d*x+c)^2)/sec(d*x+c)^(3/2)/(a+b*sec(d*x+c))^(1/2),x,method=_RETURNVERBOSE)

[Out]

2/3*A/d/a^2/((a-b)/(a+b))^(1/2)*(a+b*sec(d*x+c))^(1/2)/(b+a*cos(d*x+c))/sec(d*x+c)^(3/2)/(1+cos(d*x+c))*(Ellip
ticF(((a-b)/(a+b))^(1/2)*(-cot(d*x+c)+csc(d*x+c)),(-(a+b)/(a-b))^(1/2))*(1/(a+b)*(b+a*cos(d*x+c))/(1+cos(d*x+c
)))^(1/2)*(1/(1+cos(d*x+c)))^(1/2)*a^2*cos(d*x+c)+2*EllipticF(((a-b)/(a+b))^(1/2)*(-cot(d*x+c)+csc(d*x+c)),(-(
a+b)/(a-b))^(1/2))*(1/(a+b)*(b+a*cos(d*x+c))/(1+cos(d*x+c)))^(1/2)*(1/(1+cos(d*x+c)))^(1/2)*a*b*cos(d*x+c)-2*E
llipticE(((a-b)/(a+b))^(1/2)*(-cot(d*x+c)+csc(d*x+c)),(-(a+b)/(a-b))^(1/2))*(1/(a+b)*(b+a*cos(d*x+c))/(1+cos(d
*x+c)))^(1/2)*(1/(1+cos(d*x+c)))^(1/2)*a*b*cos(d*x+c)+2*EllipticE(((a-b)/(a+b))^(1/2)*(-cot(d*x+c)+csc(d*x+c))
,(-(a+b)/(a-b))^(1/2))*(1/(a+b)*(b+a*cos(d*x+c))/(1+cos(d*x+c)))^(1/2)*(1/(1+cos(d*x+c)))^(1/2)*b^2*cos(d*x+c)
+2*EllipticF(((a-b)/(a+b))^(1/2)*(-cot(d*x+c)+csc(d*x+c)),(-(a+b)/(a-b))^(1/2))*(1/(a+b)*(b+a*cos(d*x+c))/(1+c
os(d*x+c)))^(1/2)*(1/(1+cos(d*x+c)))^(1/2)*a^2+4*EllipticF(((a-b)/(a+b))^(1/2)*(-cot(d*x+c)+csc(d*x+c)),(-(a+b
)/(a-b))^(1/2))*(1/(a+b)*(b+a*cos(d*x+c))/(1+cos(d*x+c)))^(1/2)*(1/(1+cos(d*x+c)))^(1/2)*a*b-4*EllipticE(((a-b
)/(a+b))^(1/2)*(-cot(d*x+c)+csc(d*x+c)),(-(a+b)/(a-b))^(1/2))*(1/(a+b)*(b+a*cos(d*x+c))/(1+cos(d*x+c)))^(1/2)*
(1/(1+cos(d*x+c)))^(1/2)*a*b+4*EllipticE(((a-b)/(a+b))^(1/2)*(-cot(d*x+c)+csc(d*x+c)),(-(a+b)/(a-b))^(1/2))*(1
/(a+b)*(b+a*cos(d*x+c))/(1+cos(d*x+c)))^(1/2)*(1/(1+cos(d*x+c)))^(1/2)*b^2+((a-b)/(a+b))^(1/2)*a^2*cos(d*x+c)*
sin(d*x+c)+EllipticF(((a-b)/(a+b))^(1/2)*(-cot(d*x+c)+csc(d*x+c)),(-(a+b)/(a-b))^(1/2))*(1/(a+b)*(b+a*cos(d*x+
c))/(1+cos(d*x+c)))^(1/2)*(1/(1+cos(d*x+c)))^(1/2)*a^2*sec(d*x+c)+2*EllipticF(((a-b)/(a+b))^(1/2)*(-cot(d*x+c)
+csc(d*x+c)),(-(a+b)/(a-b))^(1/2))*(1/(a+b)*(b+a*cos(d*x+c))/(1+cos(d*x+c)))^(1/2)*(1/(1+cos(d*x+c)))^(1/2)*a*
b*sec(d*x+c)-2*EllipticE(((a-b)/(a+b))^(1/2)*(-cot(d*x+c)+csc(d*x+c)),(-(a+b)/(a-b))^(1/2))*(1/(a+b)*(b+a*cos(
d*x+c))/(1+cos(d*x+c)))^(1/2)*(1/(1+cos(d*x+c)))^(1/2)*a*b*sec(d*x+c)+2*EllipticE(((a-b)/(a+b))^(1/2)*(-cot(d*
x+c)+csc(d*x+c)),(-(a+b)/(a-b))^(1/2))*(1/(a+b)*(b+a*cos(d*x+c))/(1+cos(d*x+c)))^(1/2)*(1/(1+cos(d*x+c)))^(1/2
)*b^2*sec(d*x+c)+((a-b)/(a+b))^(1/2)*a^2*sin(d*x+c)-((a-b)/(a+b))^(1/2)*a*b*sin(d*x+c)+((a-b)/(a+b))^(1/2)*a*b
*tan(d*x+c)-2*((a-b)/(a+b))^(1/2)*b^2*tan(d*x+c))+2*B/d/((a-b)/(a+b))^(1/2)/a*((a*(1-cos(d*x+c))^2*csc(d*x+c)^
2-(1-cos(d*x+c))^2*b*csc(d*x+c)^2-a-b)/((1-cos(d*x+c))^2*csc(d*x+c)^2-1))^(1/2)*((1-cos(d*x+c))^3*a*((a-b)/(a+
b))^(1/2)*csc(d*x+c)^3-((a-b)/(a+b))^(1/2)*(1-cos(d*x+c))^3*b*csc(d*x+c)^3+EllipticF(((a-b)/(a+b))^(1/2)*(-cot
(d*x+c)+csc(d*x+c)),(-(a+b)/(a-b))^(1/2))*a*(-(a*(1-cos(d*x+c))^2*csc(d*x+c)^2-(1-cos(d*x+c))^2*b*csc(d*x+c)^2
-a-b)/(a+b))^(1/2)*((1-cos(d*x+c))^2*csc(d*x+c)^2+1)^(1/2)-(-(a*(1-cos(d*x+c))^2*csc(d*x+c)^2-(1-cos(d*x+c))^2
*b*csc(d*x+c)^2-a-b)/(a+b))^(1/2)*((1-cos(d*x+c))^2*csc(d*x+c)^2+1)^(1/2)*EllipticE(((a-b)/(a+b))^(1/2)*(-cot(
d*x+c)+csc(d*x+c)),(-(a+b)/(a-b))^(1/2))*a+(-(a*(1-cos(d*x+c))^2*csc(d*x+c)^2-(1-cos(d*x+c))^2*b*csc(d*x+c)^2-
a-b)/(a+b))^(1/2)*((1-cos(d*x+c))^2*csc(d*x+c)^2+1)^(1/2)*EllipticE(((a-b)/(a+b))^(1/2)*(-cot(d*x+c)+csc(d*x+c
)),(-(a+b)/(a-b))^(1/2))*b-((a-b)/(a+b))^(1/2)*a*(-cot(d*x+c)+csc(d*x+c))-((a-b)/(a+b))^(1/2)*b*(-cot(d*x+c)+c
sc(d*x+c)))/(a*(1-cos(d*x+c))^2*csc(d*x+c)^2-(1-cos(d*x+c))^2*b*csc(d*x+c)^2-a-b)/(-((1-cos(d*x+c))^2*csc(d*x+
c)^2+1)/((1-cos(d*x+c))^2*csc(d*x+c)^2-1))^(1/2)+2*C/d/((a-b)/(a+b))^(1/2)*(a+b*sec(d*x+c))^(1/2)*EllipticF(((
a-b)/(a+b))^(1/2)*(-cot(d*x+c)+csc(d*x+c)),(-(a+b)/(a-b))^(1/2))*(1/(1+cos(d*x+c)))^(1/2)*(1/(a+b)*(b+a*cos(d*
x+c))/(1+cos(d*x+c)))^(1/2)*sec(d*x+c)^(1/2)/(b+a*cos(d*x+c))*(cos(d*x+c)^2+cos(d*x+c))

Fricas [C] (verification not implemented)

Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 4.

Time = 0.12 (sec) , antiderivative size = 460, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.13 \[ \int \frac {A+B \sec (c+d x)+C \sec ^2(c+d x)}{\sec ^{\frac {3}{2}}(c+d x) \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)}} \, dx=\frac {6 \, A a^{2} \sqrt {\frac {a \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + b}{\cos \left (d x + c\right )}} \sqrt {\cos \left (d x + c\right )} \sin \left (d x + c\right ) + \sqrt {2} {\left (-3 i \, {\left (A + 3 \, C\right )} a^{2} + 6 i \, B a b - 4 i \, A b^{2}\right )} \sqrt {a} {\rm weierstrassPInverse}\left (-\frac {4 \, {\left (3 \, a^{2} - 4 \, b^{2}\right )}}{3 \, a^{2}}, \frac {8 \, {\left (9 \, a^{2} b - 8 \, b^{3}\right )}}{27 \, a^{3}}, \frac {3 \, a \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 3 i \, a \sin \left (d x + c\right ) + 2 \, b}{3 \, a}\right ) + \sqrt {2} {\left (3 i \, {\left (A + 3 \, C\right )} a^{2} - 6 i \, B a b + 4 i \, A b^{2}\right )} \sqrt {a} {\rm weierstrassPInverse}\left (-\frac {4 \, {\left (3 \, a^{2} - 4 \, b^{2}\right )}}{3 \, a^{2}}, \frac {8 \, {\left (9 \, a^{2} b - 8 \, b^{3}\right )}}{27 \, a^{3}}, \frac {3 \, a \cos \left (d x + c\right ) - 3 i \, a \sin \left (d x + c\right ) + 2 \, b}{3 \, a}\right ) - 3 \, \sqrt {2} {\left (-3 i \, B a^{2} + 2 i \, A a b\right )} \sqrt {a} {\rm weierstrassZeta}\left (-\frac {4 \, {\left (3 \, a^{2} - 4 \, b^{2}\right )}}{3 \, a^{2}}, \frac {8 \, {\left (9 \, a^{2} b - 8 \, b^{3}\right )}}{27 \, a^{3}}, {\rm weierstrassPInverse}\left (-\frac {4 \, {\left (3 \, a^{2} - 4 \, b^{2}\right )}}{3 \, a^{2}}, \frac {8 \, {\left (9 \, a^{2} b - 8 \, b^{3}\right )}}{27 \, a^{3}}, \frac {3 \, a \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 3 i \, a \sin \left (d x + c\right ) + 2 \, b}{3 \, a}\right )\right ) - 3 \, \sqrt {2} {\left (3 i \, B a^{2} - 2 i \, A a b\right )} \sqrt {a} {\rm weierstrassZeta}\left (-\frac {4 \, {\left (3 \, a^{2} - 4 \, b^{2}\right )}}{3 \, a^{2}}, \frac {8 \, {\left (9 \, a^{2} b - 8 \, b^{3}\right )}}{27 \, a^{3}}, {\rm weierstrassPInverse}\left (-\frac {4 \, {\left (3 \, a^{2} - 4 \, b^{2}\right )}}{3 \, a^{2}}, \frac {8 \, {\left (9 \, a^{2} b - 8 \, b^{3}\right )}}{27 \, a^{3}}, \frac {3 \, a \cos \left (d x + c\right ) - 3 i \, a \sin \left (d x + c\right ) + 2 \, b}{3 \, a}\right )\right )}{9 \, a^{3} d} \]

[In]

integrate((A+B*sec(d*x+c)+C*sec(d*x+c)^2)/sec(d*x+c)^(3/2)/(a+b*sec(d*x+c))^(1/2),x, algorithm="fricas")

[Out]

1/9*(6*A*a^2*sqrt((a*cos(d*x + c) + b)/cos(d*x + c))*sqrt(cos(d*x + c))*sin(d*x + c) + sqrt(2)*(-3*I*(A + 3*C)
*a^2 + 6*I*B*a*b - 4*I*A*b^2)*sqrt(a)*weierstrassPInverse(-4/3*(3*a^2 - 4*b^2)/a^2, 8/27*(9*a^2*b - 8*b^3)/a^3
, 1/3*(3*a*cos(d*x + c) + 3*I*a*sin(d*x + c) + 2*b)/a) + sqrt(2)*(3*I*(A + 3*C)*a^2 - 6*I*B*a*b + 4*I*A*b^2)*s
qrt(a)*weierstrassPInverse(-4/3*(3*a^2 - 4*b^2)/a^2, 8/27*(9*a^2*b - 8*b^3)/a^3, 1/3*(3*a*cos(d*x + c) - 3*I*a
*sin(d*x + c) + 2*b)/a) - 3*sqrt(2)*(-3*I*B*a^2 + 2*I*A*a*b)*sqrt(a)*weierstrassZeta(-4/3*(3*a^2 - 4*b^2)/a^2,
 8/27*(9*a^2*b - 8*b^3)/a^3, weierstrassPInverse(-4/3*(3*a^2 - 4*b^2)/a^2, 8/27*(9*a^2*b - 8*b^3)/a^3, 1/3*(3*
a*cos(d*x + c) + 3*I*a*sin(d*x + c) + 2*b)/a)) - 3*sqrt(2)*(3*I*B*a^2 - 2*I*A*a*b)*sqrt(a)*weierstrassZeta(-4/
3*(3*a^2 - 4*b^2)/a^2, 8/27*(9*a^2*b - 8*b^3)/a^3, weierstrassPInverse(-4/3*(3*a^2 - 4*b^2)/a^2, 8/27*(9*a^2*b
 - 8*b^3)/a^3, 1/3*(3*a*cos(d*x + c) - 3*I*a*sin(d*x + c) + 2*b)/a)))/(a^3*d)

Sympy [F]

\[ \int \frac {A+B \sec (c+d x)+C \sec ^2(c+d x)}{\sec ^{\frac {3}{2}}(c+d x) \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)}} \, dx=\int \frac {A + B \sec {\left (c + d x \right )} + C \sec ^{2}{\left (c + d x \right )}}{\sqrt {a + b \sec {\left (c + d x \right )}} \sec ^{\frac {3}{2}}{\left (c + d x \right )}}\, dx \]

[In]

integrate((A+B*sec(d*x+c)+C*sec(d*x+c)**2)/sec(d*x+c)**(3/2)/(a+b*sec(d*x+c))**(1/2),x)

[Out]

Integral((A + B*sec(c + d*x) + C*sec(c + d*x)**2)/(sqrt(a + b*sec(c + d*x))*sec(c + d*x)**(3/2)), x)

Maxima [F]

\[ \int \frac {A+B \sec (c+d x)+C \sec ^2(c+d x)}{\sec ^{\frac {3}{2}}(c+d x) \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)}} \, dx=\int { \frac {C \sec \left (d x + c\right )^{2} + B \sec \left (d x + c\right ) + A}{\sqrt {b \sec \left (d x + c\right ) + a} \sec \left (d x + c\right )^{\frac {3}{2}}} \,d x } \]

[In]

integrate((A+B*sec(d*x+c)+C*sec(d*x+c)^2)/sec(d*x+c)^(3/2)/(a+b*sec(d*x+c))^(1/2),x, algorithm="maxima")

[Out]

integrate((C*sec(d*x + c)^2 + B*sec(d*x + c) + A)/(sqrt(b*sec(d*x + c) + a)*sec(d*x + c)^(3/2)), x)

Giac [F]

\[ \int \frac {A+B \sec (c+d x)+C \sec ^2(c+d x)}{\sec ^{\frac {3}{2}}(c+d x) \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)}} \, dx=\int { \frac {C \sec \left (d x + c\right )^{2} + B \sec \left (d x + c\right ) + A}{\sqrt {b \sec \left (d x + c\right ) + a} \sec \left (d x + c\right )^{\frac {3}{2}}} \,d x } \]

[In]

integrate((A+B*sec(d*x+c)+C*sec(d*x+c)^2)/sec(d*x+c)^(3/2)/(a+b*sec(d*x+c))^(1/2),x, algorithm="giac")

[Out]

integrate((C*sec(d*x + c)^2 + B*sec(d*x + c) + A)/(sqrt(b*sec(d*x + c) + a)*sec(d*x + c)^(3/2)), x)

Mupad [F(-1)]

Timed out. \[ \int \frac {A+B \sec (c+d x)+C \sec ^2(c+d x)}{\sec ^{\frac {3}{2}}(c+d x) \sqrt {a+b \sec (c+d x)}} \, dx=\int \frac {A+\frac {B}{\cos \left (c+d\,x\right )}+\frac {C}{{\cos \left (c+d\,x\right )}^2}}{\sqrt {a+\frac {b}{\cos \left (c+d\,x\right )}}\,{\left (\frac {1}{\cos \left (c+d\,x\right )}\right )}^{3/2}} \,d x \]

[In]

int((A + B/cos(c + d*x) + C/cos(c + d*x)^2)/((a + b/cos(c + d*x))^(1/2)*(1/cos(c + d*x))^(3/2)),x)

[Out]

int((A + B/cos(c + d*x) + C/cos(c + d*x)^2)/((a + b/cos(c + d*x))^(1/2)*(1/cos(c + d*x))^(3/2)), x)